This article describes and compares the nature and severity of problems encountered by persons receiving mental health services in the United Kingdom and Australia, and the outcome of their treatment. The perspective of service providers and service users in the two countries was strikingly similar. Treatment was effective in alleviating problems with social circumstances, and in increasing adaptive and interpersonal functioning. Treatment was less effective in addressing psychological or physical problems. Service users in the United Kingdom were more involved in developing their treatment care plan than those in Australia. The study demonstrates how data required for benchmarking and outcome evaluation purposes can be generated as part of routine clinical processes.